肝移植术后并发急性溶血性贫血处理

2012-03-17 MedSci MedSci原创

 海军总医院肝胆外科曹卫刚、邱宝安教授详细阐述了1例肝移植术后并发急性溶血性贫血的病例的诊断和治疗。他们认为,对于 ABO 血型不同但血型相合的肝移植术后并发急性溶血性贫血,免疫抑制剂及输注供体血型的洗涤红细胞可有效缓解溶血,提高肝移植成功率。该论文发表在《中国修复重建外科杂志》[2012,26(3):365]。论坛网编辑对该病例整理如下:   患者 男,60&nb

 海军总医院肝胆外科曹卫刚、邱宝安教授详细阐述了1例肝移植术后并发急性溶血性贫血的病例的诊断和治疗。他们认为,对于 ABO 血型不同但血型相合的肝移植术后并发急性溶血性贫血,免疫抑制剂及输注供体血型的洗涤红细胞可有效缓解溶血,提高肝移植成功率。该论文发表在《中国修复重建外科杂志》[2012,26(3):365]。论坛网编辑对该病例整理如下:

  患者 男,60 岁,因“肝癌微波固化术后 2 年余,复发 2 月余”入院。

  病史:患者曾行院行超声引导下肝癌微波固化术,并先后 4 次行胃镜下注射硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张。既往乙肝病史20年。

   入院检查:

  查体:肝病面容,全身皮肤、巩膜中度黄染,腹部稍膨隆,脾下缘位于肋缘下 3 横指,移动性浊音(+),余阴性。

  实验室检查:血常规:白细胞 2.35 × 109/L,中性粒细胞 55.3%,血红蛋白 100 g/L,血小板 36 × 109/L。肝功能:总胆红素 55.7 μmol/L,间接胆红素 16.4 μmol/L,白蛋白 27 g/L,谷丙转氨酶 27 U/L。凝血三项:凝血酶原时间 15.6 s,纤维蛋白原 2.37 g/L,DD- 二聚体1 925.0 ng/mL。肿瘤标志物:甲胎蛋白 125.77 μg /L,CA199 72.1 kU/L,CA125 58.92 IU/L。乙肝六项:表面抗 体(+)、核心抗体(+)。尿常规:尿胆原(+)。大便常规:潜血弱阳性。

  影像学检查:

  腹部超声:肝右叶近胆囊旁见一低回声结节,边界不清,大小约 3.3 cm × 2.5 cm;肝左叶近矢状部偏强回声结节,大小约 1.6 cm × 1.3 cm;肝硬化、门脉高压、脾大、腹水;胆囊多发结石;双肾囊肿。肝脏 MRI:肝 右叶前段见3.9 cm × 2.6 cm的富血供病灶,肝硬化、脾大、中量腹水、食道下段胃底静脉曲张,胆囊结石;双肾多发小囊肿。肺 CT:未见明显异常。骨扫描:未见明确骨转移征象。

  诊断:

  根据患者病史及辅助检查诊断为:①原发性肝癌微波固化术后复发;②乙肝后肝硬化失代偿。

  手术治疗:

  全麻下行肝癌射频消融联合同种异体背驮式肝移植术。供、受者 ABO 血型分别为 O 型及 A 型。切除肝脏送常规病理检查。术后予以甲泼尼龙、他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酯三联免疫抑制治疗:甲泼尼龙每日递减,术后第 1 个月减至4 mg/d 后维持,术后 3 个月停用;他克莫司术后 3 个月内维持8~12 ng/mL, 3~6个月时维持8 ng/mL左右,6 个月后维持 6 ng/mL;吗替麦考酚酯 0.25 g/ 次 ,每 天 2 次 ,服 用 1 个月。术后第 4 天给予巴利昔单抗 20 mg预防术后急性排斥反应;三代头孢菌素、米卡芬净和更昔洛韦常规预防感染。

   肝移植术后并发症

  术后第 10 天患者血红蛋白下降到78 g/L,第 13 天为 69 g/L,给予输注 A 型红细胞悬液 2 U 治疗。第 17天血红蛋白 92 g/L,第 22 天患者呈贫血貌,低热乏力,血红蛋白再次下降(56 g/L),总胆红素 46.4 μmol/L,间接胆红素 15.2 μmol/L,全身未见出血迹象,肝功能检查示间接胆红素为主,考虑因供受体血型不同出现溶血反应。骨髓穿刺检查提示各系增生活跃,粒红比 0.52∶1,红系以中晚幼细胞为主;血清三铁示:血清铁 13.4μmol/L,血清总铁结合力 43.3 μmol/L,血清铁饱和度 30.9%;触珠蛋白 < 58.3 mg/L;尿潜血(—); 网织红细胞计数示:网织红细胞百分比 15.12%,网织红细胞绝对值 0.28 × 1012/L,未成熟网织红细胞 16.4。

  诊断:自身免疫性溶血

  治疗:给予输注 O 型洗涤红细胞治疗。术后第 26 天血红蛋白 78 g/L,一般情况好转;第 34 天,血红蛋白上升至 111 g/L,恢复正常。随访 12 个 月 ,每月复查血红蛋白,均维持在 120 g/L 左右。患者一般情况良好,未见肿瘤复发迹象。

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    2017-04-28 laymankey

    感谢分享一下!!!

    0

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    2012-12-29 cy0324
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    2012-05-18 丁鹏鹏
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