GCS 2014:西妥昔单抗不改善食管癌患者生存

2014-01-25 beijia688 DXY

研究要点1、RTOG 0436试验发现,不管组织学特征如何,食管癌非手术患者在化放疗基础上添加西妥昔单抗治疗无额外总生存获益;2、治疗后产生临床完全缓解的患者总生存期会获得明显改善。越来越多的数据显示表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂治疗食管癌效果会大打折扣。最近报道的一项 RTOG 0436 随机3期试验针对非手术食管癌患者进行了研究,试验结果在2014年度胃肠癌研讨会上报道。美国马里兰大学 S

研究要点
1、RTOG 0436试验发现,不管组织学特征如何,食管癌非手术患者在化放疗基础上添加西妥昔单抗治疗无额外总生存获益;
2、治疗后产生临床完全缓解的患者总生存期会获得明显改善。

越来越多的数据显示表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂治疗食管癌效果会大打折扣。最近报道的一项 RTOG 0436 随机3期试验针对非手术食管癌患者进行了研究,试验结果在2014年度胃肠癌研讨会上报道。

美国马里兰大学 Stewart Greenebaum 癌症中心的 Stewart Greenebaum 博士表示,在每周顺铂/紫杉醇和每日放疗的基础上添加西妥昔单抗治疗不改善食管癌患者的总生存。这些数据为现有的EGFR抑制剂不改善未经选择且目前接受化放疗的非手术患者的生存期增加了证据。

该研究纳入了344例腺癌或鳞癌患者。大约80%的患者为 T3/T4期,20%为T1/T2期。三分之二的患者有淋巴结累及。两组患者均接受紫杉醇,剂量为每周50 mg/m2,及顺铂治疗,剂量为25 mg/m2,合并每日放疗,剂量为 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy 分割放疗)。试验组的患者同时还接受西妥昔单抗治疗,剂量为第1天400 mg/m2,序贯每周250 mg/m2。试验主要终点为在当前化放疗方案中添加西妥昔单抗后有总生存改善。

研究结局

试验第2年,西妥昔单抗治疗组的总生存率为44%,与之相比,仅化放疗组的总生存率为41.7%,危险比为0.92,无统计学意义。

就不同的组织学特征而言,各组总生存仍然相似。研究者发现,不管患者组织学特征如何,添加西妥昔单抗治疗组患者的临床应答率(治疗结束6至8周后进行内窥镜检评估)无改善。研究者观察到,西妥昔单抗添加治疗组腺癌患者的完全缓解率为53%,对照组为54%;鳞癌患者的相应数据分别为59%和64%。

研究者强调,本研究并未显示第6至8周的临床完全缓解意味着总生存的改善。未达到临床完全缓解的患者死亡风险加倍。就组织学特征而言,本试验证实治疗后内窥镜检缓解率是患者总生存的预测因子。研究者还对患者的总生存进行了多变量分析,发现更差的体格状态及更大的病灶损伤与更差的生存结局相关。

未完待续

Manish A. Shah博士是美国纽约康奈尔大学晚期胃肠道疾病中心胃肠癌研究室的主任,他在会议上对上述研究结果进行了点评,并指出在这一试验中西妥昔单抗治疗失败“与既往转移性癌症治疗结果一致”。REAL3研究发现帕尼单抗(Vectibix) 并未改善患者生存,EXPAND试验中,西妥昔单抗治疗也归于失败。

现在还不能确定为什么EGFR抑制剂治疗食管癌无效,他指出,EGFR突变并非常见于食管癌病变中,而EGFR过表达却经常发生,其机理太过复杂了。

EXPAND医生提示,对于上述疾病患者,改善生存的最佳路径是改善其治疗缓解率,优化靶向治疗,并改善对肿瘤生物学的理解。这些挑战依然横亘于肿瘤学试验的漫漫征途中。

癌症和白血病组 B (CALGB) 80803 研究正电子发射体层扫描术以评估化疗的效果,研究中对未缓解的患者改变治疗方案。放疗肿瘤研究组(RTOG) 1010 试验在化放疗基础上添加曲妥珠单抗进行靶向治疗并探索其结果。研讨会上也报道了RTOG 0436试验的结果,这一试验获得了85%患者的组织样本,有望对哪些肿瘤可对上述药物产生缓解作出解释。

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    2015-08-06 hlycom3356

    期待有更多研究

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    2014-02-05 chengjn
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    2014-01-27 zhouqu_8
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    2014-01-25 peter

    食管癌,头颈部肿瘤,不少单抗都碰到问题。会不会要新的靶点药物?

    0

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