JOA:非骨水泥型假体一期翻修治疗假体感染

2014-05-27 佚名 丁香园

假体周围感染是关节置换术后的最严重并发症,给患者带来极大的痛苦,往往需要进行翻修手术。对于慢性假体周围感染,分期翻修手术是其治疗的金标准,据文献报道分期翻修手术的成功率在80%至95%之间。使用含抗生素的骨水泥一期置换翻修是治疗假体周围感染的另外一种选择,在特定的患者中具有较高的成功率(75%至90%)。 虽然使用不含抗生素的假体进行一期翻修的首次研究得到的临床结果并不满意,但是在某些时候使

假体周围感染是关节置换术后的最严重并发症,给患者带来极大的痛苦,往往需要进行翻修手术。对于慢性假体周围感染,分期翻修手术是其治疗的金标准,据文献报道分期翻修手术的成功率在80%至95%之间。使用含抗生素的骨水泥一期置换翻修是治疗假体周围感染的另外一种选择,在特定的患者中具有较高的成功率(75%至90%)。

虽然使用不含抗生素的假体进行一期翻修的首次研究得到的临床结果并不满意,但是在某些时候使用不含抗生素的假体一期置换也是一种好的治疗选择。西班牙的Guillem Bori医生使用非骨水泥型假体一期翻修治疗24例假体周围骨折,取得良好疗效,仅有1例失败,其研究结果发表在2014年5月的The Journal of Arthroplasty杂志上。【原文下载】

作者回顾性研究1998年1月至2007年11月之间74例假体周围慢性感染患者,其中24例采用非骨水泥假体一期翻修治疗方案的患者。当患者细菌培养中发现出现2次或2次以上同一阳性微生物时,则认为存在假体周围感染。髋部周围存在瘘管、主要软组织缺损影响伤口愈合、和/或骨质缺损影响假体稳定的患者不适合使用该种治疗。选择翻修手术类型并无统一标准,而且由于是回顾性研究,也无法确认当时主治医师选择一期翻修或二期翻修的原因。

患者侧卧位手术,从原先手术切口切开去除假体,当假体取出困难时,进行大转子截骨和在股骨前侧开窗。仔细的清除死腔和可能残留的细菌定植病灶。切除所有的坏死组织,并用10L的生理盐水进行冲洗,髋臼使用骨水泥或非骨水泥假体,而股骨假体则全部使用非骨水泥假体。当髋臼使用骨水泥假体时,使用聚乙烯杯;髋臼使用非骨水泥假体时,则选用金属杯。使用骨水泥时,每40g骨水泥总混入2g的万古霉素或1g的庆大霉素。如果髋臼存在重大缺损,则进行结构植骨。

去除感染假体时,在6个不同部位进行取样进行细菌培养,然后即刻使用替考拉宁联合头孢他碇联合抗感染治疗,根据细菌培养结果调整抗生素。对感染假体周围产生的生物膜进行病理检查,如果在5个以上部位每高倍镜下有5个及5个以上中性粒细胞则被认为属于感染阳性结果。

患者出院以后继续给予抗感染治疗,根据细菌培养选择抗生素。根据每个患者的临床情况及C反应蛋白情况决定静脉及口服抗生素的疗程。每个月复查随诊一次。当患者局部无感染迹象,C反应蛋白长期低于1mg/dl时认为假体周围感染被治愈。

采用非骨水泥假体一期翻修治疗方案的患者共24例,女性15例男性9例,平均年龄72.4岁(范围50岁至89岁)。发生假体周围感染的时间平均为假体置入术后44.0个月(范围1至96个月),平均C反应蛋白1.95mg/dl,平均血沉为47.4。

细菌培养结果17例为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS),其中15例对甲氧西林敏感,另外2例则表现耐甲氧西林。在去除感染假体时,有2例患者进行了大转子截骨,6例患者进行了股骨前侧开窗。髋臼假体使用骨水泥型假体9例,其中5例含庆大霉素骨水泥,2例含万古霉素骨水泥,1例不含抗生素。有2例进行髋臼结构植骨。

术后平均静脉使用抗生素10天,平均口服抗生素50.1天(范围14至150天)。仅有一例患者因凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(翻修术前感染菌)和大肠埃希杆菌感染而出现急性感染症状被认为翻修手术失败,作者对其进行了切开清创、更换聚乙烯假体和股骨头、保留其余假体,并使用抗生素治疗2个月。平均随访44.6个月(范围25个月至94个月),Merle d’Aubigné 功能评分为13.8,Harris评分则为65.4,股骨干假体在翻修术后超过2年时仍未出现影像学松动表现。

原始出处:


Bori G1, Muñoz-Mahamud E2, Cuñé J1, Gallart X3, Fuster D4, Soriano A5.One-stage revision arthroplasty using cementless stem for infected hip arthroplasties.J Arthroplasty. 2014 May;29(5):1076-81. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.11.005. Epub 2013 Nov 12.【原文下载】

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    2017-03-29 sy3923582

    不错哦,学习了新知识!

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    2014-05-29 zhs3882
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