Nat Biotechnol:猴子的心都被“修”好了,人类还远吗?干细胞 “重生”人心脏指日可待

2018-07-05 艾曼 生物探索

7月2日,Nature Biotechnology杂志发表了来自美国华盛顿大学 的一项突破性成果:科学家们成功利用人类干细胞恢复了患有心力衰竭的猴子的心脏功能。这一研究表明,这项技术将对心力衰竭患者有效。

多数心力衰竭是由心脏病发作导致的心肌死亡引起的。由于心肌不再生,受损区域会被不收缩的疤痕组织替代,心脏变弱。在某一时刻,心脏不能再泵出足够的血液来为身体提供其运作所需的氧气,这叫做心力衰竭,其症状包括疲劳、极度虚弱和呼吸急促等。

在美国,大约有650万人患有心力衰竭,每年有60多万人死于这种疾病。而目前尚未发现恢复心脏失去的肌肉功能的办法。

突破成果

在这项新的研究中,研究人员以心脏大小和生理机能接近人类的猕猴为实验对象,并诱导其心脏病发作(使心脏的左室射血分数从大约65%减少到40%,这足以使动物心力衰竭)。

两周后,研究人员将从人类胚胎干细胞培育出来的心脏细胞注射到(猕猴)年轻的疤痕组织及其周围。每只动物接受了大约7.5亿个人类胚胎干细胞衍生的心肌细胞。为了进行比较,对照组被注射了一种无细胞的溶液,该溶液用于将干细胞注射到治疗动物身上。

在治疗后四周,他们发现,未治疗的对照动物的射血分数基本保持不变,保持在40%左右,但在治疗后的动物中,射血分数上升到49.7%,大约是正常的一半。核磁共振成像( MRI )扫描显示,在治疗过的心脏中,新的心肌已经在疤痕组织中生长,而在未治疗过的动物中则没有看到新的心肌。

接下来,研究人员继续跟踪观察了2只治疗过的动物和1只对照动物3个月。结果发现,对照动物的射血分数下降,而治疗过的动物(射血分数)继续改善,并从治疗后四周的51 %上升到三个月时的61%和66%——这基本上是正常的射血分数 。

此外,研究小组还发现,人类心脏细胞在受试猕猴的心脏受损区域形成了新的肌肉组织,并且新的肌肉组织已经取代了10%到29%的疤痕组织,与周围的健康组织结合并发育为成熟的心脏细胞。

重要意义

通讯作者Charles Murry说:“我们的发现显示,人类胚胎干细胞衍生的心肌细胞可以使猕猴心脏的梗塞重新肌肉化,并借此减少疤痕大小,恢复大量心脏功能。这将为心脏病患者带来希望。”

Murry指出,他们的目标是开发一种在心脏病发作后不久就可以对患者进行治疗的方法,以防止心力衰竭。“因为心脏细胞寿命长,所以无需额外的治疗。此外,移植的干细胞也可通过基因改造来降低免疫排斥的风险。”

“我们希望用冷冻的‘现成’细胞创造一种‘一劳永逸’的治疗方法,就像O-阴性血一样,能够进入任何接受者体内,且只产生适度的免疫抑制。 ”他总结道。

原始出处:

Yen-Wen Liu et al, Human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes restore function in infarcted hearts of non-human primates, Nature Biotechnology (2018). DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4162.

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    2019-05-20 cathymary
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    2019-02-18 sunylz
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    2018-07-10 shock_melon
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    2018-10-15 liye789132251
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    2018-07-05 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

    0

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    2018-07-05 lyh994

    很有前景的疗法

    0

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