英雄药物青霉素去哪儿了

2016-09-21 佚名 “医学之声”微信号

青霉素是人类历史上发现的第一种抗生素,发现者-英国细菌学家弗莱明因此而获得诺贝尔奖。半个多世纪以来,青霉素可谓功勋卓越。拯救了无尽的肺炎、脑膜炎、败血症以及伤口感染等患者。第二次世界大战时,青霉素得以大量生产,已有足够的青霉素用来及时抢救众多的伤病员,这样迅速扭转了盟国的战局,为反法西斯做出重要贡献。半个多世纪后的今天,我们不禁要问,为什么现在医生都不怎么使用青霉素?曾经的英雄药物—青霉素去哪儿了

青霉素是人类历史上发现的第一种抗生素,发现者-英国细菌学家弗莱明因此而获得诺贝尔奖。半个多世纪以来,青霉素可谓功勋卓越。拯救了无尽的肺炎、脑膜炎、败血症以及伤口感染等患者。

第二次世界大战时,青霉素得以大量生产,已有足够的青霉素用来及时抢救众多的伤病员,这样迅速扭转了盟国的战局,为反法西斯做出重要贡献。

半个多世纪后的今天,我们不禁要问,为什么现在医生都不怎么使用青霉素?

曾经的英雄药物—青霉素去哪儿了?

(一)耐药性高

耐药性在各个国家都会发生。只不过,国内的速度要比欧美一些发达国家快。青霉素经过几十年的使用,耐药性已经越来越强,对很多细菌已经不敏感,导致使用面越来越窄。

浙江省人民医院药学部主任吕良忠接受今日早报采访时说道“青霉素耐药性非常高,有的已经高达98%。所谓98%的耐药性,就是100株病菌中,有98株都对青霉素不敏感”。这样一来,治疗效果就越来越差,所以医生也较少选择青霉素。

(二)过敏发生率高

由于青霉素过敏发生率相对较高,为了防止出现过敏性休克,凡是使用青霉素类药物前,不论是口服还是注射,或者更换药物批次都需要进行皮试。即使严格按要求做了皮试,但有些患者会出现“迟发”反应,一旦抢救不及时,可能会引起过敏性休克性死亡,特别是在晚上做“皮试”时,皮试结果不容易判别。

在医患关系紧张的今天,多一事不如少一事。这样一来,医生选择青霉素都非常谨慎,而去选择安全性更高的头孢药物。除非不得已,才会考虑青霉素。

(三)更好的药物替代

自上世纪90年代中期开始,青霉素的地位逐渐被头孢类药物替代。因为头孢的抗菌谱更广,安全性更高。

青霉素和头孢菌素有交叉过敏反应,但是头孢菌素发生过敏反应的可能性比青霉素要小很多。所以,头孢菌素的安全性要比青霉素好。

头孢类的抗菌谱更宽,青霉素一般只对革兰氏阳性菌有杀菌作用,对革兰氏阴性菌的作用比较小。但是头孢菌素对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都有很强的杀菌作用,特别是头孢匹罗等这些第四代的头孢菌素。

此外,青霉素多次使用后,很多细菌会产生β-内酰胺酶,使青霉素水解破坏。但是头孢类对β-内酰胺酶的稳定性比青霉素好。所以头孢菌素对产β-内酰胺酶的细菌也有很强的作用。

(四)经济效益方面因素

现在很多医院也许配备了青霉素,但是使用率非常之低,除上述原因外,青霉素的价格低,利润少也是重要原因之一。一支160万单位青霉素的价格不到一块钱,而一支头孢的价格高很多。当然使用一些贵的抗生素,还有一些其他经济因素考虑在里面,这里就不一一细说。

青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!

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    2016-10-13 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真好,喜欢阅读

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    2016-10-13 jyzxjiangqin

    时势造英雄。

    0

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CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 21:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,长见识

    0

  4. 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CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 21:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-05 jyzxjiangqin

    我们仍在使用青霉素。

    0

  5. 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CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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    2016-09-23 187清风

    过敏率居高不下

    0

  6. 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CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 21:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-23 187清风

    不敢晚上皮试,最怕值班皮试

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147778, encodeId=dfbe14e778ce, content=文章真好,喜欢阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 14:49:11 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147620, encodeId=55e514e6200c, content=时势造英雄。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 11:54:39 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144375, encodeId=fffb1443e51b, content=好文章,长见识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 15:03:42 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140458, encodeId=986d140458fb, content=我们仍在使用青霉素。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:51:28 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133973, encodeId=78311339e3ee, content=过敏率居高不下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 23:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133974, encodeId=c4591339e435, content=不敢晚上皮试,最怕值班皮试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 23:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459278, encodeId=828114592e8cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc899065bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#青霉素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99065, encryptionId=2cc899065bc, topicName=青霉素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fd1b6130189, createdName=sunyl09, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 06:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133099, encodeId=70aa1330991b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 21:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-23 sunyl09
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147778, encodeId=dfbe14e778ce, content=文章真好,喜欢阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 14:49:11 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147620, encodeId=55e514e6200c, content=时势造英雄。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 11:54:39 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createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:51:28 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133973, encodeId=78311339e3ee, content=过敏率居高不下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 23:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133974, encodeId=c4591339e435, content=不敢晚上皮试,最怕值班皮试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 23:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459278, encodeId=828114592e8cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc899065bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#青霉素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99065, encryptionId=2cc899065bc, topicName=青霉素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fd1b6130189, createdName=sunyl09, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 06:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133099, encodeId=70aa1330991b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 21:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-22 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147778, encodeId=dfbe14e778ce, content=文章真好,喜欢阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 14:49:11 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147620, encodeId=55e514e6200c, content=时势造英雄。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 11:54:39 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createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Oct 05 16:51:28 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133973, encodeId=78311339e3ee, content=过敏率居高不下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 23:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133974, encodeId=c4591339e435, content=不敢晚上皮试,最怕值班皮试, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 23:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459278, encodeId=828114592e8cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc899065bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#青霉素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99065, encryptionId=2cc899065bc, topicName=青霉素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fd1b6130189, createdName=sunyl09, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 06:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133099, encodeId=70aa1330991b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 21:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-22 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

  10. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147778, encodeId=dfbe14e778ce, content=文章真好,喜欢阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 14:49:11 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147620, encodeId=55e514e6200c, content=时势造英雄。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 11:54:39 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encodeId=828114592e8cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc899065bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#青霉素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99065, encryptionId=2cc899065bc, topicName=青霉素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fd1b6130189, createdName=sunyl09, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 06:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133099, encodeId=70aa1330991b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133100, encodeId=3e3c133100a3, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132654, encodeId=16611326544f, content=青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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    2016-09-21 医路开来

    青霉素应用逐渐减少,是医学因素和社会因素等综合导致的。向挽救无数生命、甚至改变人类历史的青霉素致敬!

    0

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