Nat Commun:有妙招! 新型光疗法靶向扩散性癌症

2018-01-30 佚名 生物探索

大多数致命的癌症都与转移扩散有关,需要采用化疗药物和放射治疗的全身治疗策略。通常,扩散性癌症晚期的患者会出现淋巴细胞数极低的现象,这时他们就不适合现有的全身治疗以及新兴的免疫疗法。最新一项发表在《Nature Communications》杂志上的研究表明,通过光激活化疗药物,可以治疗扩散性癌症。


“我们的研究表明,这种光疗技术特别适合于攻击扩散到身体不同部位的小肿瘤,即便是深入骨髓的。”论文作者、华盛顿大学医学院放射科Samuel Achilefu教授这样说道,但同时他依然认为癌症扩散是病人死亡的主要原因。

据华盛顿大学医学院的这项新研究,光作为传统的癌症成像技术的一部分,可以定位转移性肿瘤,也可以触发光敏药物。

该技术利用了“环戊二烯钛(titanocene)”的化疗药物。作为单独的化疗药物,即使在相对高剂量的临床实验中,环戊二烯钛在临床试验中的效果也不好。但是,当暴露于可见光的辐射时,即使是在低剂量的情况下,它也会产生对细胞有毒的活性粒子。

Achilefu和他的同事将低剂量的环戊二烯钛包裹在纳米粒子内,它们靶向癌症细胞表面的蛋白质。结果发现,当纳米粒子与癌细胞接触时,它们的膜会融合在一起,将环戊二烯钛释放到细胞中。

研究人员随后使用一种常见的癌症显像剂——氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)。癌细胞会高效率吸收FDG这种放射性标记糖分子以支持它们快速生长,从而使得肿瘤在正电子发射断层扫描(PET)扫描中发光,不管肿瘤在身体的哪个部位。FDG的加入达到了两个目的:第一,是维持成像剂的角色;第二,为光疗法提供光源。

由于环戊二烯钛和FDG仅在肿瘤中同时被靶向到相同的位置,所以该技术被认为比标准放疗和化学疗法的毒性更小。研究还表明,身体可通过肝脏摆脱了环戊二烯钛,并通过肾脏清除了FDG。这两个成分被单独处理,可以最大限度地减少对其他器官的损害。据研究人员分析,这两种成分单独存在时,是无毒的。

随后,研究人员使用多发性骨髓瘤(MM)和转移性乳腺癌小鼠模型进行了试验。患有多发性骨髓瘤的小鼠每周使用这种策略治疗一次,持续4周。在接下来的几周里,经过治疗的老鼠肿瘤明显变小,存活的时间比对照组的老鼠长。50%的经过处理的老鼠存活了至少90天,在对照组小鼠中,50%存活了62天。

DOI:10.1038/s41467-017-02758-9

在乳腺癌的小鼠中也表现出抗肿瘤的作用,但与多发性骨髓瘤患者相比,其效果并不明显,这可能是因为乳腺癌细胞系的极度攻击性。研究人员还发现,某些类型的多发性骨髓瘤出人意料地对这种技术有抵抗力。他们猜测,耐药的多发性骨髓瘤细胞可能是缺乏用于靶向环戊二烯钛纳米颗粒的表面蛋白。

Achilefu表示: 当我们仔细观察对光疗法有抗性的细胞时,我们发现我们所靶向的表面蛋白并不存在。所以接下来,我们想知道是否可以找到另一种表面蛋白来靶向并杀死这些耐药细胞以及对原始治疗有反应的骨髓瘤细胞。

Achilefu设想,未来有一天能够使用这种技术来防止癌症复发,我们希望把癌症变成一个可以长期控制的慢性病

原始出处:

Nalinikanth Kotagiri, Matthew L. Cooper, Michael Rettig, et al. Radionuclides transform chemotherapeutics into phototherapeutics for precise treatment of disseminated cancer. Nature Communicationsvolume 9, Article number: 275 (2018), doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02758-9.

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    2018-12-08 俅侠
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    2018-08-07 liye789132251
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    2018-04-21 liuli5079
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    2018-02-01 fusion
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    2018-01-30 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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越来越多的人意识到癌症可以在妊娠期得到治愈,但这种变化对孕产妇和新生儿结局的影响是未知。关于癌症、不孕和妊娠的国际组织(INCIP)记录妊娠期患癌症的概率,以及该种情况下的产妇、产科、肿瘤学和新生儿预后。现有研究人员致力于概述在过去20年INCIP所记录的患者的肿瘤学管理和产科及新生儿预后,以及治疗情况;并对癌症类型或治疗方式与产科和新生儿预后的关联进行评估。研究人员开展一描述性队列研究,从37个

泻药可能增加患癌风险

欧盟食品安全局 1 月 23 日警告说,长期服用番泻叶、大黄等植物提取物制成的泻药,可能会带来一些潜在健康问题,如增加罹患癌症的风险等。

Cell:对于这种“无药可治”的癌症突变,华人科学家或许找到了解决方案

在癌症研究领域,KRAS是最为知名的致癌基因之一:科学家们早就发现,在多种人类癌症里,这个基因都发生了突变。然而几十年来,经过数代研发人员的不懈努力,我们依然没有一款能够针对这个基因突变的有效分子。因此,KRAS突变也一度被业内认为是“无药可治”。

Science:一次血检可查八种癌症:液体活检时代真的来了?

霍普金斯Kimmel癌症中心的一项名为CancerSEEK的新型血液检测方法可以鉴定8种常见癌症:卵巢癌、肝癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肺癌和乳腺癌。该成果于1月18日发表在Science杂志,并且作者估计该项检测的费用不会超过500美金,甚至低于目前对某单一癌种检测的费用,这是否意味着液体活检的时代已经来临??肿瘤咨询带您一探究竟。