中国循环杂志:经食管超声中国专家共识发布:适用于普通超声难以显示的部位

2018-03-09 佚名 中国循环杂志

在过去30 年里, 经食管超声心动图(TEE)在临床领域得到广泛应用,对心血管疾病的诊断、治疗、疗效评价产生了巨大影响,逐渐成为心血管疾病的主要诊疗方法和金标准。为了促进和规范TEE的使用,我国心血管超声专家结合国外的指南和推荐,根据我国国情和临床实际,起草了TEE临床应用中国专家共识。

在过去30 年里, 经食管超声心动图(TEE)在临床领域得到广泛应用,对心血管疾病的诊断、治疗、疗效评价产生了巨大影响,逐渐成为心血管疾病的主要诊疗方法和金标准。为了促进和规范TEE的使用,我国心血管超声专家结合国外的指南和推荐,根据我国国情和临床实际,起草了TEE临床应用中国专家共识

共识包括非麻醉状态下和麻醉状态下、小儿和成人、介入和外科手术中TEE 的应用,内容涵盖心脏结构、功能、血流动力学的定性和定量评价,以及TEE 使用的安全性、并发症的处理等方面的内容。

TEE适应证:

1、经胸超声显像困难,如肥胖、肺气肿、胸廓畸形、近期胸部手术、正使用机械辅助呼吸。

2、经胸超声难以显示的部位,如左心耳、上腔静脉、左右肺静脉以及胸降主动脉等。

3、经胸超声难以清晰显示的结构和病变。

围术期TEE适应证:

1、急诊手术麻醉,需要排除心脏和大血管的并发症,或需要鉴别诊断,经胸超声检查显像困难;术前完善诊断。

2、术中出现难以解释的低血压、低氧血症,且难以纠正者;术中血流动力学监测。

3、术后指导排气及评价即刻手术效果。

4、在非心脏手术中的TEE 监测,如神经外科手术中,监测卵圆孔未闭右向左分流情况。

TEE 禁忌证

1、绝对禁忌证:患者拒绝。先天性或获得性的上消化道疾病,如活动性上消化道出血、食管梗阻或狭窄、食管占位性病变、食管撕裂和穿孔、食管憩室、食管裂孔疝、先天性食管畸形、近期食管手术史、食管静脉曲张、咽部脓肿。

2、相对禁忌证:凝血障碍、纵隔放疗史、颈椎疾病、咽部占位性病变。严重心血管系统疾病,如重度心力衰竭、严重心律失常、急性心肌梗死、不稳定性心绞痛、重度高血压、低血压或休克状态等。麻醉剂过敏。

关于TEE 的安全性,该共识指出,TEE 检查的安全性与经上消化道内镜检查的安全性非常相近。在操作符合规范的情况下,TEE 对于患者来说是非常安全的。

TEE常见或可能出现的不良反应有:(1)咽部黏膜出血。(2)咽部疼痛或术后吞咽障碍。(3)食管及胃部损伤、出血。(4)一过性高血压或低血压。(5)心律失常。(6)感染。(7)气管压迫所致的通气障碍。(8)黏膜麻醉剂过敏反应。(9)颞下颌关节脱位等。

共识强调,按照正确的操作步骤进行TEE 检查是一个非常安全的过程,但是这种检查在偶然的情况下可能出现严重的并发症。所以操作者一定要随时牢记可能发生的并发症,并且准备有必要的抢救措施。

原始出处:
经食管超声心动图临床应用中国专家共识专家组. 经食管超声心动图临床应用中国专家共识. 中国循环杂志, 2018, 33: 11-23.

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    2018-03-20 owlhealth

    不错耶.学习了

    0

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    2018-03-11 zhouqu_8
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    2018-03-09 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0