大黄多糖粪便发酵特性及其对肠道微生物组成的调节作用

2022-09-06 August MedSci原创

大黄被用作治疗胃肠疾病的著名中药之一。最近,唐古特大黄多糖(RP)由于其多样化的药理活性而受到越来越多的关注。通常,多糖的药理活性与其从胃到肠道的代谢特性密切相关。

唐古特大黄属于蓼科,在中国西南和西北地区广泛栽培。R. tanguticum的根和根茎已作为著名的中药用于治疗胃肠道疾病。通常,R. tanguticum含有多种生物活性成分,如多糖、黄酮类、蒽醌、皂苷、单宁和挥发油,这有助于其具有通便、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗真菌、保肝、抗肿瘤和肾保护作用的多种药理活性。特别是唐古特多糖因其具有多种药理活性而受到越来越多的关注,例如免疫调节作用、改善辐射引起的肠道损伤、预防辐射引起的免疫损伤和改善炎症性肠病。

天然多糖的生物活性与其从胃到肠道的代谢特性密切相关。最近,越来越多的体外模型研究表明,由于缺乏碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes),非淀粉多糖不能完全消化成寡糖和单糖或直接被人体上消化道吸收,据研究者所知,唐古特菌的消化行为和微生物降解特征多糖(RP)以及RP与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用尚未完全研究。因此,有必要揭示 RP 潜在的消化和代谢行为,有利于促进基于 RP 的健康产品的设计和生产。

在体外消化 ( A ) 和人类粪便发酵 ( B ) 过程中,唐古特多糖的 SEC 谱可能发生变化:

在此研究中,测量了 RP 在体外模拟消化过程中可能发生的物理化学性质的变化,以揭示其消化特性。随后,研究了RP发酵特性的动态变化及其对肠道微生物组成的调节作用。当前研究的结果可以提供有关在健康食品和医药行业中使用 RP 作为益生元补充剂的有用信息。

在体外消化和人粪便发酵过程中,唐古特多糖的发酵性和化学成分可能发生变化:

方法:研究建立体外模拟胃肠模型,研究 RP 的消化行为和粪便发酵特性。在体外模拟消化和人粪便发酵过程中,测定了 RP 的分子量、单糖组成、释放的还原糖、化学组成、pH 值和短链脂肪酸等理化性质可能发生的变化,及其对还评估了肠道微生物组成的调节。

结果表明,根据其理化性质的稳定性,RP在体外模拟消化条件下是不可消化的。相反,在体外发酵后,特别是在初始发酵阶段(0-6 h),难消化的 RP(RPI)可被人体粪便中的结肠微生物群显着利用。揭示了RPI的粪便发酵特性。结果表明,发酵初期还原糖含量由0.177明显增加至0.778 mg/mL,其分子量由2.588×10 5明显下降至0.828×10 5 达在发酵的最后阶段。值得注意的是,结肠细菌对 RPI 中阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的利用比半乳糖醛酸快。此外,RPI 可以通过促进拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和巨单胞菌属等几种有益细菌的相对丰度来明显调节肠道微生物组成,从而促进乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等几种短链脂肪酸的产生。

门水平(A)和属水平(B)的细菌群落相对丰度以及属水平细菌群落相对丰度的热图分析(C):

综上所述,RP 在体外在人体上消化道中是不可消化的,但在发酵初期可以很容易地被人体粪便中的结肠微生物群利用。目前的研究结果有利于揭示 RP 潜在的消化和微生物代谢特征,RP 可用作改善肠道健康的潜在益生元,被开发并用作功能性食品,通过促进肠道健康来改善人类健康

 

原文:Wu DT, Yuan Q, Feng KL, Zhang J, Gan RY, Zou L, Wang S. Fecal fermentation characteristics of Rheum tanguticum polysaccharide and its effect on the modulation of gut microbial composition. Chin Med. 2022 Jun 23;17(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13020-022-00631-6. PMID: 35733140; PMCID: PMC9219220.

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    2022-09-07 Homburg
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    2022-09-06 小小医者

    #大黄#多糖粪便发酵特性及其对#肠道微生物#的影响,这个研究还太粗糙了!

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