elife:甲羟戊酸通路上的遗传变异可导致汗孔角化症

2015-08-13 佚名 生物谷

天昊基因科技(苏州)有限公司与复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科张正华副教授团队合作研究成果 "Genomic Variations of the Mevalonate Pathway in Porokeratosis" 于2015年7月23日在生命科学领域的权威杂志《elife》上发表, 该杂志是由来自美国、英国、德国的三大科学基金资助机构(Howard Hughes Medical Ins

复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科张正华副教授团队研究成果 "Genomic Variations of the Mevalonate Pathway in Porokeratosis" 于2015年7月23日在生命科学领域的权威杂志《elife》上发表。

该项研究通过对汗孔角化症在甲羟戊酸通路上的遗传变异分析,发现了三个新的致病基因,并通过研究皮损和邻近外观正常皮肤的等位基因不平衡表达,发现野生型等位基因的功能失活是致病的主要原因,首次在该疾病中发现基因转换和RNA编辑等罕见基因变异现象。此外,研究人员还观察到不同基因的突变与汗孔角化症的一些临床表型存在明显关联,因此,这一研究结果为该病的基因诊断和遗传咨询提供了理论基础,有望借助基因检测来简化临床分型,并且为汗孔角化症的治疗提供新的方向,为后期药物研发提供理论依据。

汗孔角化症(Porokeratosis,PK)是一组少见的遗传性皮肤角化异常疾病,具有遗传异质性,目前已知有5个汗孔角化症的连锁位点。甲羟戊酸激酶基因(MVK)是唯一明确的PK致病基因(Zhang et al., 2012)。研究人员基于前期家系的连锁位点(16q24.1-24.3)(Luan et al., 2011),通过搜索并发现甲羟戊酸代谢通路上的甲羟戊酸脱羧酶基因(MVD)刚好位于该区域,继而通过测序识别该家系中所有患者携带MVD c.746T>C(p.Phe249Ser),且此突变与PK表型共分离。为进一步确认MVD是汗孔角化症的致病基因,抑或在甲羟戊酸代谢通路上还存在其它致病基因,于是,研究人员采用天昊基因自主研发的EasyTarget®目的区域二代测序技术对134个PK指示病例(包括61个有家族史,73个无或不确定有家族史)进行筛查和验证,寻找他们在12个甲羟戊酸通路基因中存在的点突变,最终确认PK指示病例在该通路的MVK,MVD,PMVK,FDPS四个基因中存在48个点突变;对于没有发现点突变的样本,研究人员采用天昊基因自主研发的CNVplex®多重基因拷贝数检测技术对这四个致病基因的每个外显子拷贝数进行检测和验证,发现了3种大片段缺失突变。简括地说,研究人员在60例(98%)PK家系病例和53例(73%)PK散发病例中,发现至少在甲羟戊酸通路MVK,MVD,PMVK,FDPS四个基因中存在一个致病突变,由此呈现中国人群中汗孔角化症的遗传突变谱,其中在MVD基因上存在着二个高发突变位点。

继而,研究人员通过对突变基因和相应的PK临床表型进行观察和分析,发现直径在5cm以上位于臀沟处的巨大斑块状PK(giant plaque-type porokeratosis ptychotropica,PPt)是MVK突变独特表型,约50%携带MVK突变的指示病例具有该表型;局限于生殖器部位的PK和半球状乳头瘤样PK(porokeratoma)仅发现于携带PMVK突变的男性病例中;局限于眶周的浅表性PK仅发现于MVD突变的病例,且多见于女性;在我们所观察到的携带FDPS突变的病例中,其皮损最浅表和均匀,直径不超过1cm,不计其数。

此外,研究人员还采集了13对相互匹配的PK皮损和邻近外观正常皮肤,通过对其基因组DNA(gDNA)和cDNA突变位点进行等位基因表达不平衡(AEI)研究,发现有10例PK皮损中存在野生型等位基因表达量显着降低,其中至少在1例PK皮损中发生了gDNA水平上野生型等位基因向突变等位基因的基因转换, 这是第一次在PK疾病上发现基因转换现象,该现象与"回复突变体嵌合体"(revertant mosaicism)机理类似(May, 2011)。对于其它9例发生AEI的皮损,未检测到致病基因CpG岛甲基化,可能存在非DNA甲基化依赖的表达抑制相关的组蛋白修饰现象 (Xu et al., 2011)。 在3例无显着AEI的皮损中,研究人员发现其中有一例皮损cDNA存在一个新的错义突变,且该突变不存在于gDNA中。有趣的是,该错义突变仅发生在野生型等位基因上,这种在细胞分裂中可传递的等位基因特异性RNA编辑现象(Witkin, et al., 2015),是在PK中首次报道。总而言之,无论是基因转换、RNA编辑,或者是其它原因导致的PK皮损中野生型等位基因表达下降,最终导致野生型等位基因功能丧失,因而PK发病。
综上所述,基于孟德尔遗传病可由同一代谢通路,同一信号传导通路或相互作用蛋白多个基因的突变导致的假设,本研究背景中只有1个致病基因,但不能解释所有病例,研究人员通过采用候选基因的二代高通量测序策略,从而高效地发现其它致病基因,该研究思路值得其他同行借鉴。此外,本研究所检测基因的大片段缺失或重复突变,对于寻找致病突变也是必不可少的,可提高基因突变的检出率。对于迟发型的显性遗传病,野生型等位基因的功能丧失可能是一个较为普遍的现象,通过AEI的检测可以明确其可能性,这也是值得借鉴的机制研究之一。

原文出处:

Zhenghua Zhang,Caihua Li.et al.Genomic variations of the mevalonate pathway in porokeratosis.elife.2015

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    2015-10-25 clmlylxy
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068437, encodeId=2755206843e66, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 22:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972939, encodeId=025119e293955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Sun Feb 21 17:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57774, encodeId=4efe5e77462, content=新发现,必定会引起一场风波……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=32ba1611217, createdName=medsic, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57775, encodeId=c8515e77588, content=新发现,必定会引起一场风波……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=32ba1611217, createdName=medsic, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57776, encodeId=f8525e776c7, content=嗯,学习了,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=32ba1611217, createdName=medsic, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=57777, encodeId=0c8f5e77769, content=嗯,学习了,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=32ba1611217, createdName=medsic, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 00:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342325, encodeId=c42a1342325e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 00:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377173, encodeId=013813e71739d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=007d9506920' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#遗传变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95069, encryptionId=007d9506920, topicName=遗传变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73a3403, createdName=weihongyv, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 00:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-21 膀胱癌
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    2016-01-16 medsic

    新发现,必定会引起一场风波……

    0

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    2016-01-16 medsic

    新发现,必定会引起一场风波……

    0

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    2016-01-16 medsic

    嗯,学习了,

    0

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    2016-01-16 medsic

    嗯,学习了,

    0

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