Science：皮肤共生细菌调节宿主皮肤免疫力

7月26日，Science杂志在线报道，皮肤共生细菌通过调整局部T细胞的功能，调节宿主皮肤免疫力。

肠道共生细菌引起的保护和调节反应，维持宿主与微生物的共生。但是，在其他组织生活的共生菌对宿主免疫力和其他组织屏障炎症的作用却一直不清。

本研究发现，在控制局部炎症环境过程中，皮肤菌群发挥着自主性作用，并可调节皮肤中T淋巴细胞的功能。针对皮肤病原体的保护性免疫，关键在于皮肤菌群，而不是肠道菌群。此外，皮肤共生菌依赖于白细胞介素1受体的下游信号，调整局部T细胞的功能。

这些研究结果强调了，微生物作为一个组织区域分割化独特功能的重要性，并为人类了解在健康和疾病条件下，共生菌微环境调节宿主免疫力的机制，提供了新的线索。

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.017
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Compartmentalized Control of Skin Immunity by Resident Commensals

Shruti Naik1,2,Nicolas Bouladoux1,Christoph Wilhelm1,Michael J. Molloy1,Rosalba Salcedo3,4,Wolfgang Kastenmuller5,Clayton Deming6,Mariam Quinones7,Lily Koo8,Sean Conlan6,Sean Spencer1,2,Jason A. Hall9,Amiran Dzutsev3,4,Heidi Kong10,Daniel J. Campbell11,12,Giorgio Trinchieri3,Julia A. Segre6,Yasmine Belkaid1,*

Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-microbial mutualism. The contribution of tissue resident commensals to immunity and inflammation at other barrier sites, however, has not been addressed. Here, we report an autonomous role for the skin microbiota in controlling the local inflammatory milieu and tuning resident T lymphocyte function. Protective immunity to a cutaneous pathogen was critically dependent on the skin but not gut microbiota. Furthermore, skin commensals tuned the function of local T cells in a manner dependent on signaling downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor. These findings underscore the importance of the microbiota as a distinctive feature of tissue compartmentalization and provide insight into mechanisms of immune regulation by resident commensal niches in health and disease.