BMJ:非复杂性下呼吸道感染为何**延迟抗菌药物使用?

2017-07-11 徐晓涵 吴刚 环球医学

急性非复杂性呼吸道感染是发达国家初级医疗中最常见的急性疾病,相当多的患者依然接受抗菌药物治疗。发表在《BMJ》的一项由英国和美国科学家进行的前瞻性咳嗽并发症队列(3C)研究,考察了非复杂性下呼吸道感染的抗菌药物处方策略和不良结局。

急性非复杂性呼吸道感染是发达国家初级医疗中最常见的急性疾病,相当多的患者依然接受抗菌药物治疗。发表在《BMJ》的一项由英国和美国科学家进行的前瞻性咳嗽并发症队列(3C)研究,考察了非复杂性下呼吸道感染的抗菌药物处方策略和不良结局。

目的:旨在评估16岁及以上的下呼吸道感染患者中,不同抗菌药物处方策略对不良结局的影响。

设计:前瞻性队列研究。

设置:英国全科诊所。

参与者:28883名下呼吸道感染患者;将症状、体征和抗菌药物处方策略记录在咨询索引上。

主要结局测量:主要结局为咨询后30天时,下呼吸道感染症状复诊、住院或死亡。多变量分析控制了与抗菌药物处方倾向相关变量扩展列表和医生类别。

结果:28883名参与者中,104人(0.4%)由于要进行影像学研究和/或住院,或者癌症转诊到医院。剩下的28779人中,26/7332(0.3%)名未处方抗菌药物者、156/17628(0.9%)名立即使用抗菌药物处方后者、14/3819(0.4%)名延迟使用抗菌药物处方后者,随后发生住院或死亡。多变量分析证实,立即使用抗菌药物后,住院和死亡未降低(多变量风险比,1.06;95% CI,0.63~1.81;P=0.84),延迟使用抗菌药物没有显着性降低(0.81;0.41~1.64;P=0.61)。新发恶化或无缓解症状的复诊常见[1443/7332(19.7%)、4455/17628(25.3%)和538/3819(14.1%)],并且延迟使用抗菌药物可显着将其降低(多变量风险比,0.64;0.57~0.72;P<0.001),而立即使用抗菌药物却不能降低复诊率(0.98;0.90~1.07;P=0.66)。

结论:对于非复杂性下呼吸道感染的青年人和成年人,处方立即使用抗菌药物不能降低随后的住院或死亡,并且这种事件不常见。如果医生考虑抗菌药物,那么由于延迟使用抗菌药物与疾病恶化复诊数量的减少相关,所以,延迟使用抗菌药物是首选。

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    2017-08-04 gaoxiaoe
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    2017-07-13 zhmscau
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848344, encodeId=12bc184834493, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Aug 04 14:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971538, encodeId=5da219e1538d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797b8e67141' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87671, encryptionId=797b8e67141, topicName=药物使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f67438, createdName=xiaogang317, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 13:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1282416, encodeId=c4e51282416d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=700239e0772' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39707, encryptionId=700239e0772, topicName=呼吸道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e94174, createdName=zhmscau, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330584, encodeId=45be13305848f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373022, encodeId=be7513e302224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1486528, encodeId=b278148652882, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43e320132fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#下呼吸道感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20132, encryptionId=43e320132fa, topicName=下呼吸道感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f4608143316, createdName=循证小兵, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587233, encodeId=faae158e23390, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b4a42e01ed' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复杂性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42701, encryptionId=9b4a42e01ed, topicName=复杂性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b19f17453483, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221347, encodeId=1d8722134e36, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 12 08:29:05 CST 2017, time=2017-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-13 lhlxtx
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  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848344, encodeId=12bc184834493, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Aug 04 14:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971538, encodeId=5da219e1538d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797b8e67141' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87671, encryptionId=797b8e67141, topicName=药物使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f67438, createdName=xiaogang317, createdTime=Sun Jan 21 13:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1282416, encodeId=c4e51282416d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=700239e0772' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39707, encryptionId=700239e0772, topicName=呼吸道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e94174, createdName=zhmscau, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330584, encodeId=45be13305848f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373022, encodeId=be7513e302224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1486528, encodeId=b278148652882, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43e320132fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#下呼吸道感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20132, encryptionId=43e320132fa, topicName=下呼吸道感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f4608143316, createdName=循证小兵, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587233, encodeId=faae158e23390, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b4a42e01ed' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复杂性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42701, encryptionId=9b4a42e01ed, topicName=复杂性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b19f17453483, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu Jul 13 05:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=221347, encodeId=1d8722134e36, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 12 08:29:05 CST 2017, time=2017-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-12 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

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PLoS ONE:存在遗传易感背景的儿童生命早期患有下呼吸道感染日后哮喘的风险大大升高

发表于PLoS ONE的一项研究发现,2岁前患支气管炎且存在纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1基因的常见变异的儿童日后发生哮喘的风险增加17倍。 此外,存在纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)基因且生命早期患有下呼吸道感染需要医疗护理的儿童,无论轻重,其哮喘的发生风险增加12倍。 研究人员评估了3483名伴或不伴有哮喘的拉丁美洲儿童,年龄在8-21岁。 总的来说,只有存在PAI-1基