Sci Transl Med:癌症“帮凶”竟让免疫疗法更强

2017-09-15 佚名 生物探索

长期以来,科学家们认为淋巴管生成与癌症转移密切相关。然而,近日,发表在《科学》子刊上的一项研究有了一个惊人的发现:肿瘤淋巴管生成能够有效增强癌症免疫疗法。


Tumor lymphangiogenesis, a driver of immunosuppression and metastasis, also potentiates immunotherapy.(图片来源:Science Translational Medicine)

淋巴管能够在肿瘤周围和内部扩张,这一过程被称为淋巴管生成(lymphangiogenesis),长期以来被认为与癌症转移到新部位的能力有关。

然而,9月13日,发表在Science Translational Medicine杂志上一项题为“Tumor lymphangiogenesis promotes T cell infiltration and potentiates immunotherapy in melanoma”的研究有了一个惊人的发现:在癌症免疫疗法中,淋巴管起到了一种相反的作用。

芝加哥大学的Melody Swartz教授领导的这一研究小组发现,在用免疫检查点抑制剂(一种帮助激活抗肿瘤免疫反应的免疫疗法,如CTLA-4抗体ipilimumab、PD-1抗体nivolumab)治疗的患者中,淋巴管生成能够有力增强癌症免疫疗法的效果。具体来说,淋巴管生成增强了免疫系统的主要抗癌工具——T细胞——使它们能够浸润到肿瘤中,并杀死癌细胞。

Swartz教授说:“我们的研究证实了淋巴系统在癌症治疗中一种完全意想不到的作用。”


Intratumoral lymphatic vessel (green) imaged in the microenvironment (red) of a Braf-driven primary mouse melanoma tumor. Credit: Manuel Fankhauser and Maria Broggi/EPFL

淋巴管生成部分由一种叫做血管内皮生长因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor-C,VEGF-C)的化学信使驱动。VEGF-C长期以来被认为与癌症转移和患者预后不良有关,它还能在肿瘤微环境中促进免疫抑制。

Swartz教授说:“VEGF-C一直被认为对癌症患者有害。我们原以为,阻断VEGF-C能够通过去除一些抑制T细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞能力的因素来增强免疫疗法。这是我们最初的假设。”然而,在小鼠中的研究结果,以及从两个针对黑色素瘤患者的临床试验中获得人体数据彻底改变了他们的想法。

临床试验开始前,科学家们采集了患者的血液样本,测量了很多因子,但除了VEGF-C,没有其它因子是相关的。研究发现,几乎所有血液中VEGF-C水平高于平均水平的患者都对免疫疗法有反应。这不仅使原发肿瘤得以根除,也促使T细胞浸润到转移性肿瘤,并导致了长期的保护。


Melanoma tumors trigger new blood and lymph vessel growth (shown in green). Credit: M. Fankhauser et al., Science Translational Medicine (2017)

Swartz教授说:“得到如此令人惊讶的结果是令人兴奋的。VEGF-C有望变成一个有用的生物标志物。”

作者们认为,这一研究表明,医生可以在治疗前通过一个简单的血液测试来预测哪些患者更有可能获益于癌症免疫疗法,至少在黑色素瘤患者中可以这样做。此外,基于这一成果,研究者们有望开发出新的治疗策略,使癌症免疫疗法对更多的患者更有效。

原始出处:

Manuel Fankhauser, Maria A.S. Broggi, Lambert Potin, et.al. Tumor lymphangiogenesis promotes T cell infiltration and potentiates immunotherapy in melanoma. Science Translation Medicine

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    2017-10-18 bsmagic9140
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    2017-09-17 luominglian113

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-09-16 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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科学家们以创新的结直肠癌(CRC)预防和治疗方法来研究如何替代容易发生肠道炎症和CRC的患者的缺失代谢物。美国病理学杂志的一项新研究描述了如何将组胺产生肠微生物,并给予缺乏组氨酸脱羧酶(HDC)的小鼠来减少炎症和肿瘤形成。这些结果表明,益生菌对肠道微生物群体的改变可能成为患有炎症性肠病(IBD)相关性CRC风险的患者的新型预防或治疗策略。