Nat Genet:确定44种!研究人员首次发现众多与抑郁症相关的基因

2018-05-03 佚名 生物探索

抑郁症是世界上最严重、也最难以捉摸的公共健康问题之一,它影响到全球近15%的成年人。只有大约一半的病人对包括药物治疗和心理治疗在内的现有治疗反应良好。近日,一组科学家称已经发现了几十个增加抑郁风险的基因,这一发现突显了抑郁症的复杂性,并揭示了为什么抗抑郁治疗对某些人有效,但对其他人却完全无效。

4月26日,发表在《Nature Genetics》杂志上题为“Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression”的这项大规模研究分析了13.5万多名抑郁症患者的基因组,并与近35万名无抑郁症患者的基因组进行了比较。

这个由200多名科学家组成的全球联盟确定了44种基因变体(或称基因的微小变化),每一种变异都以某种微小的方式导致一个人患抑郁症的风险。“每个新发现的基因变体本质上都是一个可以通过药物治疗解决的目标。”美国北卡罗来纳州大学医学院精神基因组学中心主任Patrick Sullivan博士说。

研究发现,许多与抑郁症相关的基因还与精神分裂症和双相情感障碍等其他精神疾病以及肥胖和失眠等与抑郁症相关的健康问题有关。其中一些基因变异控制着大脑中的神经递质(如多巴胺和肾上腺素),而这正是目前抗抑郁药的靶点;其他基因变异则与神经递质无关,因此,如果一些抑郁症患者的遗传基础在大脑的其他地方,那么抗抑郁药可能对这些人不起作用。

值得一提的是,研究人员还发现,没有单个基因突变是导致抑郁的强风险因素(像BRCA1基因突变会经常导致乳腺癌一样),相反,每个基因突变是以一种递增的方式导致抑郁症的。

意义

早期对同卵双胞胎的研究表明,一半的抑郁症可能是基因造成的,生活压力或创伤则是导致抑郁症的其他因素。这项研究的第一作者、澳大利亚昆士兰大学教授研究员Naomi Wray说:“虽然知道许多生活经历有助于预防抑郁的风险,但识别基因因素为研究生物驱动(biological drivers)因素打开了新的大门。”

另一方面,Sullivan 指出,大多数现有的抗抑郁药物都是偶然被发现,但是现在,相关的新药研发能够被这些生物学发现“合理地推动”。

麻省理工学院和哈佛大学的斯坦利精神病学研究中心主任Steven Hyman博士(他没有参与这项研究)则表示:“到目前为止,人们对抑郁症生物学机制的了解还很少,这项里程碑式的研究代表着在阐明抑郁症的生物学基础方面迈出了重要一步。”

目前,参与这项研究的科学家们正在开发一种在线工具,让抑郁症志愿者参与进一步的基因研究。

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    2018-06-12 cy0324
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    2018-06-28 canlab
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    2019-04-13 liye789132251
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