2013 AAP 急性中耳炎的诊断与治疗指南

2013-04-05 MedSci MedSci原创

    AAP更新儿童急性中耳炎(AOM)诊治指南,为初级卫生保健医师诊治6个月至12岁儿童的非复杂性AOM提供推荐意见。这是对2004年AAP和美国家庭医师学会联合发布的AOM指南的更新。 AAP2009年成立专家组,评估2000年后AOM相关研究。新指南对AOM提出了明确定义,并对疼痛管理、抗生素选择等提出了推荐意见,还涉及了旧指南未涉及的复发性AOM内容。

    AAP更新儿童急性中耳炎(AOM)诊治指南,为初级卫生保健医师诊治6个月至12岁儿童的非复杂性AOM提供推荐意见。这是对2004年AAP和美国家庭医师学会联合发布的AOM指南的更新。

AAP2009年成立专家组,评估2000年后AOM相关研究。新指南对AOM提出了明确定义,并对疼痛管理、抗生素选择等提出了推荐意见,还涉及了旧指南未涉及的复发性AOM内容。

具体推荐意见如下: 

当出现中到重度鼓膜(TM)膨出,或出现新发耳漏(非因急性外耳炎所致)时,应诊断为 AOM 。 

当在48小时内出现轻度TM膨出和耳痛,或出现明显的TM红斑时,可考虑AOM诊断。对于尚不能说话的儿童,捂耳、拉扯或摩擦耳朵可能提示耳痛。 

当使用鼓气耳镜和(或)鼓室导抗测试未发现中耳渗出或积液时,不应诊断为AOM。 

AOM治疗应包括疼痛评估和治疗。 

对于年龄6个月以上、存在双侧或单侧AOM的儿童,当出现严重症状或体征(中到重度耳痛、耳痛≥48小时或体温≥39 ℃)时,以及症状和体征不严重、年龄6~23个月的双侧AOM儿童,应进行抗生素治疗。 

在与患儿父母共同决策的基础上,单侧、不严重的6~23个月AOM患儿,或不严重的年龄较大AOM患儿,可给予抗生素治疗,亦可密切观察,暂不给予抗生素治疗,除非患者病情加重或在症状出现48~72小时内仍无改善。 

在抗生素选择方面,应选用阿莫西林,除非患儿在30天内使用过该药、并发化脓性结膜炎或对青霉素过敏。在这些情况下,医师应给予能够覆盖产β-内酰胺酶细菌的抗生素。 

对于症状加重或在开始抗生素治疗48~72小时后仍无改善的患儿,应重新评估并换药治疗。 

对于复发性AOM患儿,使用鼓膜置管而非预防性应用抗生素,或可减少发作频率。 

对于所有儿童,医师应推荐接种肺炎球菌结合疫苗,并每年接种流感疫苗。 

医师应鼓励母亲进行单纯母乳喂养至少6个月或更长时间。

原始文献:

Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, Ganiats TG, Hoberman A, Jackson MA, Joffe MD, Miller DT, Rosenfeld RM, Sevilla XD, Schwartz RH, Thomas PA, Tunkel DE.The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media.Pediatrics. 2013 Mar;131(3):e964-99.

指南下载:

2013 AAP 急性中耳炎的诊断与治疗指南

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159975, encodeId=0fe31599e527, content=很好,不错的指南资料,值得拥有值得收藏,值得探究。给自己学习探究提供方便。点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 17:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21691, encodeId=6b5e216917e, content=有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51554277, createdName=jbliufj, createdTime=Wed Apr 22 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633183, encodeId=b6fc163318351, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0bf168341' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1683, encryptionId=c0bf168341, topicName=AAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89e022034329, createdName=ylz8410, createdTime=Sat Nov 23 16:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719003, encodeId=89461e19003c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Tue Feb 25 22:42:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934738, encodeId=412f1934e381f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 10:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344470, encodeId=9ad413444e07b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 13:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-03 ylzr123

    很好,不错的指南资料,值得拥有值得收藏,值得探究。给自己学习探究提供方便。点个赞!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159975, encodeId=0fe31599e527, content=很好,不错的指南资料,值得拥有值得收藏,值得探究。给自己学习探究提供方便。点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 17:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21691, encodeId=6b5e216917e, content=有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51554277, createdName=jbliufj, createdTime=Wed Apr 22 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633183, encodeId=b6fc163318351, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0bf168341' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1683, encryptionId=c0bf168341, topicName=AAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89e022034329, createdName=ylz8410, createdTime=Sat Nov 23 16:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719003, encodeId=89461e19003c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Tue Feb 25 22:42:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934738, encodeId=412f1934e381f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 10:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344470, encodeId=9ad413444e07b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 13:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-22 jbliufj

    有指导意义

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159975, encodeId=0fe31599e527, content=很好,不错的指南资料,值得拥有值得收藏,值得探究。给自己学习探究提供方便。点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 17:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21691, encodeId=6b5e216917e, content=有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51554277, createdName=jbliufj, createdTime=Wed Apr 22 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633183, encodeId=b6fc163318351, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0bf168341' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1683, encryptionId=c0bf168341, topicName=AAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89e022034329, createdName=ylz8410, createdTime=Sat Nov 23 16:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719003, encodeId=89461e19003c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Tue Feb 25 22:42:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934738, encodeId=412f1934e381f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 10:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344470, encodeId=9ad413444e07b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 13:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-11-23 ylz8410
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159975, encodeId=0fe31599e527, content=很好,不错的指南资料,值得拥有值得收藏,值得探究。给自己学习探究提供方便。点个赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 17:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21691, encodeId=6b5e216917e, content=有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=91c51554277, createdName=jbliufj, createdTime=Wed Apr 22 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633183, encodeId=b6fc163318351, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0bf168341' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1683, encryptionId=c0bf168341, topicName=AAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89e022034329, createdName=ylz8410, createdTime=Sat Nov 23 16:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719003, encodeId=89461e19003c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Tue Feb 25 22:42:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934738, encodeId=412f1934e381f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Wed Nov 27 10:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344470, encodeId=9ad413444e07b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 13:42:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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