Sci Transl Med:脑瘫在出生后的治疗

2012-04-20 Eurekalert Eurekalert

在动物中进行的一项新的研究报告说,一种以脑中难以接触到的炎症细胞为标靶的新的基于纳米技术的方法可能被用于治疗出生后的脑瘫。 脑瘫是由在子宫中或是在出生头几个月中对发育中的脑造成伤害所引起的一组疾病,它会对许多脑部功能及神经系统的功能造成损伤,最显著的是对运动技能的损伤。在对损伤做出反应时,脑子会激活被称作小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的细胞,这些细胞会对损伤进行清理并清除细胞碎片。不幸的是,这些细胞会

在动物中进行的一项新的研究报告说,一种以脑中难以接触到的炎症细胞为标靶的新的基于纳米技术的方法可能被用于治疗出生后的脑瘫。

脑瘫是由在子宫中或是在出生头几个月中对发育中的脑造成伤害所引起的一组疾病,它会对许多脑部功能及神经系统的功能造成损伤,最显著的是对运动技能的损伤。在对损伤做出反应时,脑子会激活被称作小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的细胞,这些细胞会对损伤进行清理并清除细胞碎片。不幸的是,这些细胞会过度反应并开始破坏正常的周围组织,导致神经发炎。目前的消炎药物必须在脑中绕过无数的屏障后才能到达小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞(它们的靶细胞),因此这些药物没有达到它们该有的效果。

如今,Sujatha Kannan及其同事们展示,被称作树状分子的树样的分子可轻易地绕过这些屏障并有效地将药物运送至脑内。树状分子看来可改善兔宝宝中脑瘫症状。有趣的是,一但这些树状分子进入脑内,造成神经发炎的细胞就会吞掉它们自己的毒药(即含有药物的分子),并因此停止了炎症及其它有害的影响。

研究人员给那些患有脑瘫的兔宝宝带有药物的树状分子,并显示,与未经治疗的兔子相比,仅在治疗5天后,这些兔子的运动功能就得到了大幅度的改善。 结果暗示,这些树状分子可能会逆转被诊断患有神经炎症的新生儿的脑损伤。该小组下一步计划观察,在这一研究中所看到的运动功能的改善是否可持续到动物的成年期。

一篇相关的《焦点》文章讨论了这些发现并指出,用纳米物质治疗脑损伤会在新生儿的诊断学、成像及药物运输等领域开辟新的前景。

doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003162
PMC:
PMID:

Dendrimer-Based Postnatal Therapy for Neuroinflammation and Cerebral Palsy in a Rabbit Model

Sujatha Kannan1,2,*,†, Hui Dai1,2, Raghavendra S. Navath1,3, Bindu Balakrishnan1,2,*, Amar Jyoti1,2,*, James Janisse4, Roberto Romero1,† and Rangaramanujam M. Kannan

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic childhood disorder with no effective cure. Neuroinflammation, caused by activated microglia and astrocytes, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of CP and disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Targeting neuroinflammation can be a potent therapeutic strategy. However, delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier to the target cells for treating diffuse brain injury is a major challenge. We show that systemically administered polyamidoamine dendrimers localize in activated microglia and astrocytes in the brain of newborn rabbits with CP, but not healthy controls. We further demonstrate that dendrimer-based N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) therapy for brain injury suppresses neuroinflammation and leads to a marked improvement in motor function in the CP kits. The well-known and safe clinical profile for NAC, when combined with dendrimer-based targeting, provides opportunities for clinical translation in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders in humans. The effectiveness of the dendrimer-NAC treatment, administered in the postnatal period for a prenatal insult, suggests a window of opportunity for treatment of CP in humans after birth.

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