玻璃酸钠治疗骨关节炎,靠谱吗?

2017-09-29 西京医院临床免疫科 王卫涛 西京风湿免疫

目前对于骨关节炎的治疗方法很多,包括中药、小剂量激素、非甾体类药物治疗、氨基葡萄糖的应用、双醋瑞因、PRP治疗等,但仍缺乏积极有效的手段改善关节症状,而外科治疗,包括关节镜清理手术及关节置换手术是目前OA治疗的有效手段,但因手术风险、手术费用高等也使其广泛应用受限。

骨关节炎(OA)是一种退行性关节软骨疾病,是最常见的关节疾病,以膝关节表现为主。骨关节炎的发生与衰老、肥胖、炎症、创伤、关节过度使用、代谢障碍及一床等因素相关。

目前对于骨关节炎的治疗方法很多,包括中药、小剂量激素、非甾体类药物治疗、氨基葡萄糖的应用、双醋瑞因、PRP治疗等,但仍缺乏积极有效的手段改善关节症状,而外科治疗,包括关节镜清理手术及关节置换手术是目前OA治疗的有效手段,但因手术风险、手术费用高等也使其广泛应用受限。

OA在中年以后多发,女性多见,在40岁以后患病人群发病率逐步提高,60岁以上患病率为50%,75岁以上人群高达80%。

OA的病理表现为:关节软骨蜕变、软骨下骨改建、骨坠形成和滑膜、韧带、关节囊及关节周围肌肉等的病变。由于关节软骨的退变,软骨基质溶解,产生大量的碎屑和炎性因子(白细胞介素IL-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α、前列素E-2等。

细小的碎屑被滑膜中的吞噬细胞吞噬,滑膜增生、肥厚,较多碎骨可形成游离体、关节软骨退变及滑膜增生、骨坠形成、慢性炎症等是引起关节疼痛、肿胀、关节功能紊乱的主要原因。使用玻璃酸钠关节腔注射,能改善滑液组织的炎性反应,增强关节也的粘稠性及润滑功能,保护软骨,促进关节软骨的愈合及再生,缓解疼痛,增加关节活动度,延缓疾病的进展,特别适用于轻、中度的OA患者。

OA的关节病变过程:滑液黏性及弹性减低→屏障及保护作用减低→软骨进一步破坏→释放多种酶及炎性因子→进一步使滑液的黏弹性减低。

玻璃酸钠治疗骨关节病变的机制:

1.玻璃酸钠为关节滑液的主要成分,增加关节粘液更好的黏弹性,减少关节运动过程中组织间的摩擦,缓冲剧烈运动时关节间的碰撞、损伤,在站立位时,充当缓冲垫作用,关节关节承受的压力;

2.可稳定细胞膜,屏蔽膜感受器,钝化其刺激,减轻和缓解疼痛;

3.清除自由基,减轻疼痛;

4.抑制糖胺聚糖的释放,阻止软骨的退行性变,修复已损伤的关节面。

一项200例膝骨关节炎患者实施关节镜手术治疗后联合玻璃酸钠治疗,对照单纯关节镜清理手术治疗,两者总有效率为97%及95%,无明显统计学意义,但对患者关节功能康复的程度上:联合应用玻璃酸钠组患者术后功能恢复优良率85%,单纯关节镜手术组为76%,两者具有显着统计学差异。

虽然对于OA的治疗目前缺乏积极有效的手段,但玻璃酸钠的应用在诸多临床试验当中被证实是积极有效的,但值得注意的是,关节腔穿刺必须在正规、安全的医疗机构进行,避免因操作不规范,导致关节感染等并发症等发生,在临床中就有不少因操作不当导致关节感染的病历,后期治疗较为复杂。

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    2017-12-02 lisa438
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    2017-10-01 lmm397