Nature:肺部能够产生血小板储存造血细胞,是重要的造血器官

2017-03-23 Leo.C MedSci原创

肺部也是产生血小板的重要组织,肺部的造血原细胞也具有一定的造血功能,因此肺部也应该被认为是一个造血器官。这项研究对于肺部移植后的排异反应给出了一定的解释。

血小板的主要功能包括止血,血栓的形成和引起炎症,但是血小板的产生及来源目前还不是很了解。骨髓组织已经被认为是产生血小板的主要位置。尽管如此,间接的证据表明,肺部也参与到血小板的形成。

在最新上线的Nature杂志中,Emma Lefrancais及其同事发现肺部其实是另一个产生血小板并且储存造血原始细胞(hematopoietic progenitor cells)的组织。

研究组在实验鼠的肺部的微血管中直接观测到了大量的巨核细胞(megakaryocytes),这些巨核细胞在肺部的血管中游弋并且释放血小板。研究人员进一步发现,这些在肺部释放血小板的巨核细胞的起源是在肺外部的骨髓组织,从骨髓组织有大量的巨核细胞迁出。 在肺部产生的血小板占了身体中血小板数量的50%,大约每小时有1千万个血小板产生。

此外,研究者还发现在肺部的血管外沿空间,有很多成熟和不成熟的巨核细胞以及造血原始细胞。为了研究这些在血管外沿的巨核细胞和造血原始细胞的功能,研究者将带有荧光标记的老鼠左肺移植到带有c-mpl基因缺陷的老鼠身上。c-mpl基因缺陷的老鼠不能够产生正常的巨核细胞因此会有严重的血小板的缺失。在移植后的90天后,研究者发现大量的带有荧光标记的血小板的产生。考虑到血小板的存在期只有3-5天,因此增加的血小板一定是由移植后的肺部的正常巨核细胞以及正常的造血原始细胞所分化成的新的巨核细胞所产生。除此之外,在缺少骨髓干细胞的情况下,这些肺部的造血原细胞还会补充骨髓的造血细胞,以及由此分化而来的其他造血细胞。

这项实验证明了肺部也是产生血小板的重要组织,肺部的造血原细胞也具有一定的造血功能,因此肺部也应该被认为是一个造血器官。这项研究对于肺部移植后的排异反应给出了一定的解释。

原始出处:
Emma Lefrançais, Guadalupe Ortiz-Muñoz, Axelle Caudrillier, et al. The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature21706

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    2017-04-19 liye789132251
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    2017-03-25 俅侠
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