J Arthroplasty:全髋关节置换术后2-4年骨盆倾斜角的变化

2012-08-15 第五十七回 丁香园

    随着人类进入老年阶段,通常会因为腰椎前凸消失、膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形、背部肌肉力量减弱等原因导致骨盆后倾角度增大。此外,部分老年人还存在站立位和平卧位时骨盆在矢状位上倾斜程度不一致的现象。这提示在接受全髋关节置换术(THA)的病人可能会存在不同体位下髋臼杯与股骨柄之间关系的变化。有研究发现每当骨盆倾斜度增加1o就会相应地引起臼杯前倾角度增加0.7o,当相应角度增加

    随着人类进入老年阶段,通常会因为腰椎前凸消失、膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形、背部肌肉力量减弱等原因导致骨盆后倾角度增大。此外,部分老年人还存在站立位和平卧位时骨盆在矢状位上倾斜程度不一致的现象。这提示在接受全髋关节置换术(THA)的病人可能会存在不同体位下髋臼杯与股骨柄之间关系的变化。有研究发现每当骨盆倾斜度增加1o就会相应地引起臼杯前倾角度增加0.7o,当相应角度增加到一定程度时就可能导致臼杯与股骨柄之间的碰撞,并可能因为边缘负荷而导致聚乙烯内衬磨损加速,这都可能导致人工髋关节的失效。日本学者Taki N等通过一项回顾性研究观察了THA术2-4年后骨盆矢状面上倾斜角度(PA)在站立位和平卧位两种情况下的差异(dPA),并探讨了影响dPA的可能因素。相关研究结果发表于最新一期JOA上。
    该研究共纳入86例接受单侧THA且随访资料完善的病例。对所有病例均于术前、术后每年常规进行标准的平卧位和站立位骨盆平片检查。于所获得的平片上,按照相应的方法测量骨盆的宽度(T)和高度(L),然后根据Doiguchi等的公式计算出骨盆倾斜角度:-67 x L/T + 55.7(男性),-69 x L/T + 61.6(女性)。文献报道骨盆倾斜角度平均为20o。其中31例患者共计算术前、术后1年、术后2年的PA值,23例计算术前、术后1、2、3年的PA值,32例计算术前、术后1、2、3、4年的PA值。所有病例均同时计算平卧位和站立位两种体位下的PA值,并计算出其差值。

图1 PA的计算方法。于骨盆前后位X片上根据相应公式:-67 x L/T + 55.7(男性),-69 x L/T + 61.6(女性)计算PA值

    结果显示:
    1、术前平均PA值于平卧位为22.6o ± 10.4o,站立位为18.5o ± 8.0o;术后1年平均PA值分别为26.5o ± 10.5o和21.2o ± 7.3o;
    2、术后平卧位和站立位平均PA值随时间延长而呈逐渐增大,术后PA值均明显大于术前;
    3、除术后4年外,其余术后时间点所测平卧位PA值均与THA时患者年龄呈正相关;术后第1年时PA值变化最大,1年以后PA值趋于稳定,但dPA随术后时间延长呈增加趋势;
    4、年老患者较年轻患者PA及dPA值均更大;
    5、与术后2-4年dPA值较大有关的影响因素包括:女性、THA时年龄、以及术前平卧位和站立位PA值以及术前dPA值。

表1 本组病例术前及术后不同时间点时平卧位和站立位PA值及PA值的变化情况

图2 不同年龄段患者两种体位下术前及术后不同时间点PA的变化情况

图3 术前术后dPA的变化情况以及不同时间点dPA值大于10o病例的比例

表2 术后dPA与术前患者相关因素之间的关系

    尽管本研究存在一些缺陷,如PA值是通过前后位骨盆平片间接计算而得到,因此其精确性相对较低;同时,矢状位上PA值还受到脊柱力线是否正常、膝关节是否存在挛缩畸形、以及肢体肌力大小的影响,而本研究并未评估相关因素对PA值的影响;此外本研究也未设立对照组,等,从而导致本研究结果的临床意义相对有限。但Taki N等认为,该研究结果与此前一些研究的结论相似,并且此前关节外科医师很少注意到THA术前术后PA的变化可能影响到髋臼假体前倾角的变化,从而可能导致髋臼假体与股骨假体之间在体位变化时发生碰撞,容易出现关节脱位等并发症,同时还可能因为臼杯前倾角变化产生边缘负荷从而导致聚乙烯内衬磨损加速等不良后果。这些均可能导致人工关节使用寿命缩短,并因此为患者带来需要翻修手术处理的痛苦等风险。因此Taki N等认为,在将来的研究中有必要对THA术后PA变化情况进行进一步的研究,同时医师在手术中在安放假体的时候应该考虑到术后PA可能发生的变化并进行相应的调整。

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    2012-10-23 yxch48
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2021980, encodeId=2c22202198073, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d3929e567d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全髋关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29756, encryptionId=3d3929e567d, topicName=全髋关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKUdkK5dVTue7YQDvwqM1ugOuEpDZEzvXhoGClFiavehcrNAYDuPbks3MkKLPpyAEicgic80KguxwicYQ/132, createdBy=ec952500165, createdName=ms5187542471278033, createdTime=Sun Mar 03 12:04:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1742218, encodeId=b5f41e4221828, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=39cae96626f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置换#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79662, encryptionId=39cae96626f, topicName=置换)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3a7c35056336, createdName=yxch48, createdTime=Tue Oct 23 09:04:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710609, encodeId=04501e106095d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9a1c289680' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AST#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2896, encryptionId=9a1c289680, topicName=AST)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b9831894722, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Thu Mar 07 20:04:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1754119, encodeId=72f31e5411988, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d3330135ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关节置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30135, encryptionId=7d3330135ac, topicName=关节置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=050736663344, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Fri Apr 19 02:04:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355684, encodeId=c3dc13556846e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Aug 17 07:04:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576452, encodeId=607f15e64524b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=48fee966468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79664, encryptionId=48fee966468, topicName=置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=054816326830, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Fri Aug 17 07:04:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-08-17 zhaojie88
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2021980, encodeId=2c22202198073, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d3929e567d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全髋关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29756, encryptionId=3d3929e567d, topicName=全髋关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKUdkK5dVTue7YQDvwqM1ugOuEpDZEzvXhoGClFiavehcrNAYDuPbks3MkKLPpyAEicgic80KguxwicYQ/132, createdBy=ec952500165, createdName=ms5187542471278033, createdTime=Sun Mar 03 12:04:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1742218, encodeId=b5f41e4221828, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=39cae96626f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置换#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79662, encryptionId=39cae96626f, topicName=置换)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3a7c35056336, createdName=yxch48, createdTime=Tue Oct 23 09:04:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710609, encodeId=04501e106095d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9a1c289680' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AST#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2896, encryptionId=9a1c289680, topicName=AST)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b9831894722, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Thu Mar 07 20:04:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1754119, encodeId=72f31e5411988, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d3330135ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关节置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30135, encryptionId=7d3330135ac, topicName=关节置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=050736663344, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Fri Apr 19 02:04:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355684, encodeId=c3dc13556846e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Aug 17 07:04:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576452, encodeId=607f15e64524b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=48fee966468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79664, encryptionId=48fee966468, topicName=置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=054816326830, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Fri Aug 17 07:04:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]