心肌病磁共振专家共识发布

2015-10-28 卢芳 中国循环杂志

临床实践中,心衰和心肌病的诊断和鉴别往往较为繁杂和棘手,而心脏核磁共振在病因诊断、危险分层及预后判断方面,常可助一臂之力。本刊曾介绍过核磁共振在心力衰竭方面的应用[1],而近期心肌病心脏核磁共振临床应用的专家共识公布,将会进一步推动核磁共振在心脏病的诊断和鉴别诊断方面的作用[2]。 肥厚型心肌病 疑诊或确诊的肥厚型心肌病患者,有如下情况时建议行心脏磁共振检查: (1)可疑肥厚型心

临床实践中,心衰和心肌病的诊断和鉴别往往较为繁杂和棘手,而心脏核磁共振在病因诊断、危险分层及预后判断方面,常可助一臂之力。本刊曾介绍过核磁共振在心力衰竭方面的应用[1],而近期心肌病心脏核磁共振临床应用的专家共识公布,将会进一步推动核磁共振在心脏病的诊断和鉴别诊断方面的作用[2]。

肥厚型心肌病

疑诊或确诊的肥厚型心肌病患者,有如下情况时建议行心脏磁共振检查:

(1)可疑肥厚型心肌病,超声诊断不明确时;

(2)可疑心尖部或侧壁肥厚以及非缺血性心尖室壁瘤的患者;

(3)需进一步评估左心室结构(乳头肌病变等)以及心肌纤维化时;

(4)与其他类型左心室肥厚表现心肌病(心肌淀粉样变等)的鉴别诊断;

(5)室间隔化学消融及切除术术前指导与预后评估。

扩张型心肌病

在心脏超声提示扩张型心肌病患者中,在以下情况下可考虑进行磁共振检查:

(1)新发或新诊断扩张性心肌病(病程半年内)潜在的病因学诊断;

(2)扩张性心肌病患者进行ICD或心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)前可准确评价左右心脏功能;

(3)心肌组织学特征定性协助评价预后风险;

(4)标准抗心力衰竭药物治疗后或病情急剧变化时。

致心律失常性右心室心肌病

心脏磁共振在致心律失常性右心室心肌病诊断中的敏感性显著优于常规心脏超声,同时还可作为诊断致心律失常性右室心肌病中的主要标准之一,建议对所有疑诊患者行心脏磁共振检查。

孤立性左心室致密化不全

心脏磁共振凭借其高度的软组织分辨力及大视野、无死角等优势,对显示小梁化心肌有独特价值。

应用建议:心脏磁共振适用于所有怀疑孤立性左心室致密化不全的患者明确诊断,特别是在心脏超声成像质量不佳或难以确诊时。

限制型心肌病

心脏磁共振适用于限制性心肌病的病因学诊断,适用于限制性心肌病和缩窄性心包炎的鉴别诊断。

心肌淀粉样变

心内膜活检是诊断该病的金标准,特异性高,敏感性较低。

应用建议:心脏磁共振适用于所有疑诊心肌淀粉样变的诊断。

心脏结节病

结节病是少见的全身性肉芽肿性疾病,心脏结节病以肉芽肿性炎症为特征,超过半数结节病患者的死亡与心脏受累相关,对心脏结节病的早期发现和治疗极其重要,心脏磁共振可早于常规检查方法发现心肌病变。

应用建议:心脏磁共振适用于所有疑诊心脏结节病的诊断以及心脏结节病治疗效果的监测。

血色素性心肌病

血色素性心肌病表现为心肌舒张功能受损,后期也可表现为收缩功能受损,心脏扩张,产生类似于扩张性心肌病样改变,因此,在扩张性心肌病的鉴别诊断中常需排除血色素性心肌病。

应用建议:心脏磁共振适用于疑诊血色素性心肌病的诊断,可用于血色素性心肌病铁鳖合剂治疗的疗效监测及预后判断。

心肌炎

心内膜活检是诊断心肌炎的金标准,但由于其有创性,难以在临床广泛应用。心脏磁共振对心肌炎的早期诊断、早期治疗具有很高的价值。2006年首次提出了心肌炎的心脏磁共振诊断标准,即路易斯湖标准。

应用建议:心脏磁共振适用于可疑心肌炎的诊断,适用于类似急性冠状动脉综合征表现但冠状动脉造影正常患者的病因学诊断,也适用于心肌炎预后的判断。

来源:

[1]徐晓红, 徐耕. 心脏磁共振成像在慢性心力衰竭诊断及治疗中的研究进展. 中国循环杂志,2015, 30: 610-613.

[2] 中华医学会心血管病学分会, 中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 心肌病磁共振成像临床应用中国专家共识. 中华心血管病杂志, 2015, 43: 673-681.

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    2017-06-26 坚意

    学习一下

    0

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    2016-10-29 flysky120

    学习一下,谢谢

    0

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    2015-10-28 sanshengshi

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日前,国际著名心血管杂志《欧洲心脏杂志》(European heart journal)在线刊发了以中南大学湘雅二医院心血管内科彭道泉教授为通讯作者、于碧莲主治医生为第一作者的病例文章。 该文章介绍的病例是一名25岁年轻女性,因为气促浮肿进行性加重2年多,心脏B超显示其心脏极度"僵硬",曾辗转省内多家医院未能确诊。在对患者进行详细的病情评估并行心内膜活检,排除了常见的浸润性心肌病后,大胆

Circulation:MG53上调PPAR -α诱导糖尿病心肌病产生,提示其可作为糖尿病心肌病的治疗目标

研究显示MG53在小鼠中高标达,会产生肥胖,全身胰岛素抵抗,血脂异常以及高血糖症;而MG53确实可以抑制高脂肪饮食诱导产生的代谢紊乱,包括肥胖,脂质异常和高血糖症。MG53最初显示其在膜修复中有着重要作用。本研究显示MG53可以作为E3连接酶胰岛素受体和胰岛素受体底物1泛素依赖性讲解,从而导致胰岛素抵抗和代谢紊乱。然而MG53在心肌葡萄糖代谢和脂质代谢中也具有调节作用仍旧未知。中国北京大学曹春梅、