CORR:老年肱骨近端4部分骨折半肩置换和保守治疗效果相当

2013-08-14 CORR dxy

肱骨近端骨折是老年骨质疏松病人常见的肩关节损伤,老年患者出现肱骨近端四部分骨折的危险因素包括:女性、白种人、高龄及骨质疏松。因此,随着人口老龄化社会的到来,肱骨近端四部分骨折的发病率在逐步上升。 目前关于老年患者肱骨近端四部分骨折标准治疗措施仍存在较大的争议,关节外科医生倾向于对这类患者进行半肩置换,而创伤骨科医生则习惯于进行内固定治疗,也有学者建议对这类患者进行保守治疗,上述三种治疗方式均

肱骨近端骨折是老年骨质疏松病人常见的肩关节损伤,老年患者出现肱骨近端四部分骨折的危险因素包括:女性、白种人、高龄及骨质疏松。因此,随着人口老龄化社会的到来,肱骨近端四部分骨折的发病率在逐步上升。

目前关于老年患者肱骨近端四部分骨折标准治疗措施仍存在较大的争议,关节外科医生倾向于对这类患者进行半肩置换,而创伤骨科医生则习惯于进行内固定治疗,也有学者建议对这类患者进行保守治疗,上述三种治疗方式均有较多文献报道支持。

为进一步明确半肩置换和保守治疗对老年人肱骨头四部分骨折患者的治疗效果,最近来自荷兰的骨科学者就上述问题进行了随机对照研究,考察了半肩置换与保守治疗术后患者肩关节功能、力量、疼痛及功能障碍评分等指标的差异,相关结论发表于在CORR杂志上。【原文下载

研究数据来源于2004-2009年在研究者所在医院依据Neer肱骨近端骨折分型诊断为四部分骨折的患者(图1),共105例,其中55例患者不符合研究的纳入标准,共纳入50例患者。

其中3例患者失访(2例手术患者,1例保守患者;1例患者术后5周出现脑血管意外,1例患者术后8月因为整体状况恶化而退出研究,1例患者在随访过程中死亡),术后1周,6周,3月,12月进行门诊随访,并在术后3月及术后12月时进行功能评估。



图1:A-D,A图,前后位X片;B图,侧位X片提示骨折为四部分,外翻成角;C图及D图,前后位及侧位X片提示骨折四部分,内翻成角

采用电脑随机化方法,将50例患者随机分配进入两组(N=25),图2。两组患者的统计学基线水平分析无显著差异(表1)



图2:研究患者纳入选择流程图


表1:两组患者基线水平

半肩置换术患者伤后7天内接受手术治疗;保守治疗患者伤后接受持续6周的肩关节支具制动。所有患者术后均接受相同的功能锻炼策略(对术后康复锻炼策略感兴趣的战友可以自行参阅原文,p3486)。

主要评估指标为肩关节CMS(Constant Murley score)评分,次要指标包括简单肩关节功能测试(SST,simple shoulder test),外展肌力,VAS疼痛评分,ROM等(相关指标的具体评价措施及标准见p3487);定期随访患者肩关节影像学X片,查看骨折愈合及肩关节功能情况。

研究结果提示,在主要功能指标CMS上,两组在3月及12月时无显著差异(表2);两组患者在随访12月时肩关节功能较随访3月时均有显著改善;
而在肩关节外展力量方面,保守治疗组在术后3月及12月时的功能评分要显著好于手术治疗组;

SST评分,两组间比较无显著差异;

肩关节疼痛方面,术后3月,半肩置换术组的疼痛要显著好于保守治疗组,但在术后12月,上述差异消失。

表2,:不同组别治疗患者术后随访过程中不同随访指标的差异性比较


保守治疗组术后12月,20(80%)例患者骨折得到骨性愈合,2例患者出现骨坏死(ON),3例患者出现四部分骨折骨不愈合,图3。


图3:保守治疗患者术后12月随访时X片显示出现骨坏死,前后位及侧围X片提示患者骨折部位出现假关节形成


据上述研究结果,研究者总结认为:对年龄大于65岁的肱骨近端四部分骨折而言,行半肩置换或保守治疗对患者的短期功能预后无显著差别。


原始出处:


Boons HW, Goosen JH, van Grinsven S, van Susante JL, van Loon CJ.Hemiarthroplasty for humeral four-part fractures for patients 65 years and older: a randomized controlled trial.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Dec;470(12):3483-91. doi: 10.1007/s11999-012-2531-0. Epub 2012 Aug 16. 【原文下载

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    2013-08-16 hittouch
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    2013-08-16 psybestwish

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