BMJ:何谓弱视

2015-11-13 zhaoshuang 译 MedSci原创

 

什么是弱视呢?


弱视是一种大脑皮层视觉障碍。它是由于小时候视觉发育异常所导致,随后通过其他一些病理过程,最终导致永久性的单眼视力下降。它会影响到各种各样的视觉功能(视野范围、色觉、瞳孔反射通常不受影响)。虽然“弱视”一词是经常使用,但应当把弱视与斜视区别开来。它们可能同时存在,但治疗应该单独考虑。

关于弱视,你应该知道的有哪些?

1.弱视是一种大脑皮质性视觉障碍,在婴幼儿阶段,各种阻碍正常视觉刺激的因素均可导致这种障碍。

2.大多数弱视是由于两眼之间的屈光不正(屈光参差),眼失调(斜视),或这两种因素结合而导致的。

3.大多数弱视都是单侧的,所以很多孩子和家长在视力检查之前都未能发现也未曾重视弱视问题。

4.在英国,建议所有的孩子在入学时(4—5岁)进行orthoptic-led视力筛查。

5.弱视的治疗分两个阶段:(1)光学矫正屈光不正,治疗12-16周,大约有1/4的孩子需要这种治疗。(2)眼罩遮挡或者阿托品治疗。

6.眼罩遮挡治疗4岁小孩的弱视,第一个疗程需要每天3-6小时的治疗,并维持三个月。

7.1%阿托品眼药水可以作为治疗3岁以上儿童弱视的一种替代疗法,周末每天使用一次。

原始出处:

J M Jefferis.Amblyopia.BMJ.Nov 12,2015

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    2016-10-09 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847752, encodeId=d0d2184e75270, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 21:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1632235, encodeId=76a216322354e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4fb2500e71b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#弱视#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50077, encryptionId=4fb2500e71b, topicName=弱视)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6bca21872755, createdName=LSJ118, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 00:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=64009, encodeId=99536400912, content=阿托品,以前都不知道, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2cee1686934, createdName=1de4ac4em35(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 11 21:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43143, encodeId=90c643143a0, content=阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=42b01658905, createdName=田田1746, createdTime=Sat Nov 14 07:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-04 LSJ118
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847752, encodeId=d0d2184e75270, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 21:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1632235, encodeId=76a216322354e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4fb2500e71b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#弱视#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50077, encryptionId=4fb2500e71b, topicName=弱视)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6bca21872755, createdName=LSJ118, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 00:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=64009, encodeId=99536400912, content=阿托品,以前都不知道, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2cee1686934, createdName=1de4ac4em35(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 11 21:07:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43143, encodeId=90c643143a0, content=阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=42b01658905, createdName=田田1746, createdTime=Sat Nov 14 07:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-11 1de4ac4em35(暂无匿称)

    阿托品,以前都不知道

    0

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    2015-11-14 田田1746

    阅读

    0

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