Cell: DNA断裂与大脑学习及老化相关

2015-06-09 佚名 生物谷

来自MIT的研究者们发现,神经元活性可以快速大量激活一些早期反应基因,从而促进大脑的学习和记忆。DNA双链断裂的形成,是一种生理活动,可以快速解除拓扑蛋白对早期反应基因的抑制,从而在神经元中表达这些早期反应基因。这项研究结果,有助于研究人员们研发出新的方法,防治认知下降疾病,例如老年痴呆症。此项研究于近日发表在Cell杂志上。 在此研究之前,研究人员们在小鼠老年痴呆模型上发现,甚至是在疾

来自MIT的研究者们发现,神经元活性可以快速大量激活一些早期反应基因,从而促进大脑的学习和记忆。DNA双链断裂的形成,是一种生理活动,可以快速解除拓扑蛋白对早期反应基因的抑制,从而在神经元中表达这些早期反应基因。这项研究结果,有助于研究人员们研发出新的方法,防治认知下降疾病,例如老年痴呆症。此项研究于近日发表在Cell杂志上。

在此研究之前,研究人员们在小鼠老年痴呆模型上发现,甚至是在疾病的前期,海马区的神经元已经有大量的DNA损伤,即DNA双链断裂。为了研究清楚,这些DNA双链断裂是如何和为什么发生的,哪些基因受其影响,研究人员们使用了神经毒性物质,这些物质可以破坏DNA双链,之后他们提取RNA并进行测序。他们发现,在神经损伤后,有700个基因水平有所变化,其中绝大部分是呈下降趋势,有12个基因为上升趋势,包括Fos, Npas4, 和 Egr1。接下来,研究人员发现,拓扑异构酶IIβ介导了DNA双链的断裂,因为当这个酶被抑制后,DNA双链的断裂和早期的反应基因均有所下降。最后,利用计算机分析的方法,研究人员研究了早期反应基因附近的基因序列,他们发现,这些基因序列富含一种序列模式,这些序列模式可以与CTCF蛋白结合。CTCF蛋白是DNA不同组件之间相互作用的障碍物。DNA双链断裂可以清除这个障碍物,从而使早期反应基因表达。

在大脑学习及记忆过程中,细胞会有DNA双链的断裂,从而表达一些基因,为学习和记忆做准备。在年轻的时候,我们的大脑会迅速地修复这些DNA损伤,并维持良好的系统功能。然而,当年老时,DNA损伤修复缓慢时,认知力随即有所下降。

接下来,研究人员们将进一步研究,随着年龄的增长,DNA修复功能是如何下降的,是否有化合物可以提高DNA的修复功能。

原始出处:

Ram Madabhushi, Fan Gao, Andreas R. Pfenning, Ling Pan, Satoko Yamakawa, Jinsoo Seo, Richard Rueda, Trongha X. Phan, Hidekuni Yamakawa, Ping-Chieh Pao, Ryan T. Stott, Elizabeta Gjoneska, Alexi Nott, Sukhee Cho, Manolis Kellis, Li-Huei Tsai.Activity-Induced DNA Breaks Govern the Expression of Neuronal Early-Response Genes.Cell, June 4, 2015.

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    2015-08-22 zhaojie88
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    2015-07-27 维他命
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    2015-06-09 huaxipanxing

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当霍乱弧菌感染机体小肠时就会引发霍乱,该疾病的主要特点为急性水样腹泻引发的严重脱水,近日,来自瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的科学家通过研究阐明,霍乱弧菌可以利用很小的“矛”可以刺穿并且杀灭周围的细菌,随后“窃取”走这些细菌的DNA,这种机制称之为水平基因转移,霍乱弧菌利用这种机制就可以变得非常具有毒力,相关研究发表于国际著名杂志Science上。 文章中,研究人员将霍乱弧菌所利用的“矛”一样