Movement Disordres:家族性帕金森病中的α-突触核蛋白V15A变体表现出较弱的脂质结合特性

2022-08-16 Freeman MedSci原创

与野生型相比,V15A对磷脂的亲和力降低,传播活性增加。

帕金森病(PD)是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二种最常见的神经退行性疾病。帕金森病的特点是运动迟缓、静止性震颤、僵硬和姿势不稳等运动症状,以及便秘、多尿和快速眼动(REM)行为紊乱等非运动症状。

 

图1: 论文封面图

病理表现为黑质中多巴胺能神经元的丧失以及路易氏体或路易氏神经炎,后者主要由α-突触核蛋白(α-Syn)组成。α-Syn由SNCA基因编码,该基因是第一个被确认的具有错义变异或拷贝数变异(即重复和三倍)的家族性PD致病基因。

α-Syn是一种140个氨基酸的突触前蛋白,包括三个特征结构域:(1)两性的N端结构域,(2)斑块的非淀粉样β成分结构域,和(3)酸性C端结构域。

α-Syn通过其两性结构域与突触囊泡膜结合,参与突触囊泡的释放,尽管其生理功能尚不完全清楚。到目前为止,已经发现SNCA的几个致病变体与家族性PD有关,包括A30P、A30G、E46K、H50Q、G51D、A53T、A53E和A53V。

这些变体被认为具有增加聚集或改变对磷脂亲和力的作用。此外,一些基因组关联研究通过大型人群研究证明了SNCA基因与PD(包括散发性和家族性)之间的显著关联。


在这项研究中,日本任天堂大学的Kensuke Daidad等,从两个独立的日本帕金森病家族的三个受影响个体中发现了p.V15A(以下简称V15A),这是一个在高加索人群中发现的潜在致病变体18。他们的生化和细胞生物学分析表明,V15A对磷脂的亲和力降低,纤维延伸活性增加。这些特性在已知的致病变体和野生型(WT)之间属于中等程度。该研究结果强烈表明,V15A是PD发病的一个危险因素。

图2:论文结果图


他们对875名PD患者和324名对照者的SNCA编码的α-Syn进行了测序分析。与已知的α-Syn的致病性错义变体A30P和A53T相比较,并分析了V15A对磷脂膜的结合、自我聚集和在培养细胞中种子依赖性聚集的影响。

遗传筛选发现SNCA c.44 T>C(p.V15A)来自两个日本PD家族。

错义变体V15A在几个公共数据库中极为罕见,并利用硅学工具(in silico)预测为致病性。α-Syn V15A纤维的扩增活性比野生型α-Syn纤维的扩增活性强。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:从日本家庭中发现的V15A变体加强了V15A变体可能是患PD的一个致病变体的可能性。与野生型相比,V15A对磷脂的亲和力降低,传播活性增加。

 

原文出处:
Daida K, Shimonaka S, Shiba‐Fukushima K, et al. α‐Synuclein V15A Variant in Familial Parkinson’s Disease Exhibits a Weaker Lipid‐Binding Property. _Movement Disorders_. Published online July 27, 2022:mds.29162. doi:[10.1002/mds.29162](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29162)

 

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    2022-08-16 wetgdt

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